By the standards of some white grape varieties, Chardonnay is a relative parvenu in South Africa. Chenin Blanc, Muscat and Semillon were probably there from the start of the Cape colony, imported from Europe, but it seems Chardonnay didn’t fancy the arduous journey south. It didn’t turn up until the 1920s, when it was planted in an experimental vineyard at the University of Stellenbosch. The chosen clone was a flop, but that was the material that was propagated and planted in the 1970s, when interest in Chardonnay began to develop.
It was time to get some better plant material. Faced with rigorous quarantine regulations, most producers despaired of using official channels. That was how Auxerrois came to be shipped, illegally, from Germany via Alsace. The new ‘Chardonnay’ vines adapted well and were widely distributed in secret – even winning international medals – until the authorities found out what had happened and ordered it to be grubbed up.
Site specifics
The first new bona fide Chardonnay clones to enter South Africa also did so under cover. Peter Finlayson, then the winemaker at Hamilton Russell, brought in some cuttings from California via neighbouring Swaziland. He, too, ended up in the dock as part of the 1986 Klopper Inquiry. But this time it was clear that, planted in the right place, Chardonnay had a future.
That was just 30 years ago, which shows how quickly the variety has established itself. Since 1992, producers have been free to plant where they want in the Cape – they were subject to stringent quotas before that – and that has resulted in the development of the sort of cool-climate areas, especially in Elgin, the Overberg and Walker Bay, where Chardonnay performs at its best.
Today, Chardonnay is planted in all of South Africa’s wine regions from Olifants River to Paarl, the Swartland to Stellenbosch. The biggest plantings are in Robertson, where the blend of limestone soils (rare in the Cape), cool afternoon breezes and high yields have made it very popular, especially for sparkling wine production.
There are a growing number of areas where Chardonnay is at home – the Ceres Plateau is the most recent – but, for now at least, most plantings aren’t in the best places. Elgin and Walker Bay, which garner the majority of medals and high scores with Stellenbosch, have only 204 hectares between them. Swartland, where it’s hot enough to grow Rhône varieties, has 342ha.
Chardonnay is capable of making almost any style in South Africa – it’s a chameleon grape after all – but if it’s going to make a greater number of world-class wines, it needs to be planted in the right areas.
South African Chardonnay: the facts
Total plantings 7,061ha (out of 98,597ha). Chardonnay is the fourth most planted white grape in the Cape after Chenin Blanc, Colombard and Sauvignon Blanc.
Key growing regions by area under vine Robertson (26%), Paarl (18%), Stellenbosch (16%), Elgin (1.48%), Walker Bay (1.4%)
The Results
An impressive tasting highlighting the potential of cool-climate coastal regions and the great 2015 vintage. Ageability was the only sticking point, as Tina Gellie reports.
Click here to read more on the judges and the results (pdf document).
Outstanding: 95 - 97 points:
Ataraxia, Hemel-en-Aarde Ridge, Walker Bay 2015 - 96 points
Thelema Mountain Vineyards, Sutherland, Elgin 2015 - 96 points
Neil Ellis, Whitehall, Elgin 2015 - 95 points
Paul Cluver, Estate, Elgin 2015 - 95 points
Paul Cluver, Seven Flags, Elgin 2015 - 95 points
Richard Kershaw, Clonal Selection, Elgin 2014 - 95 points
Rustenberg, Stellenbosch 2015 - 95 points