A team from the University of Santiago de Compostela in Spain found each glass a day reduced the risk of lung cancer by 13% compared to non-drinkers.
While studies have already suggested red wine can help reduce the risk of heart disease, it was not thought to offer protection against lung cancer.
But Cancer Research UK cast doubt on the findings, warning excess drinking increases the risk of other cancers.
Professor Tim Key, of the charity's epidemiology unit at Oxford University, said there was "no solid evidence to support the suggestion that red wine might help to prevent cancer".
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